Recent research for Lithium-ion batteries focuses on upgrading of electrode materials to improve battery performance. However, the importance of material and process development to satisfy both battery price competitiveness and environmental issues has become more prominent, owing to increasing regulatory pressures and the growing demand for sustainable energy solutions. The wet process, mostly utilized in lithium-based batteries nowadays, faces challenges as a cost-efficient and eco-friendly method due to the solvent-drying process and the prevalence of toxic organic solvents for high-nickel cathode electrodes. While anode and some cathode materials, such as LFP and some NCM-based electrodes, are manufactured using water-based processing, achieving scalability remains a challenge. In contrast, a dry process can significantly solve these problems without the use of toxic solvents, thereby lowering manufacturing costs and making it possible to fabricate thick electrodes for high-energy–density batteries. However, achieving uniform dispersion of electrode materials and maintaining sufficient adhesion in a dry process is difficult due to the absence of a solvent. Therefore, to develop efficient solvent-free electrodes, a comprehensive understanding of the material properties, dispersion mechanisms, and processing techniques is required. Herein, we discuss recent trends in the manufacture of electrodes using the drying process and focus on sophisticated materials for solvent-free dry-process electrodes. The future directions of the drying process are outlined from a material engineering perspective. This review is expected to provide new guidelines for potential materials and advanced engineering for the design of next-generation electrodes.